Stone purchase and maintenance knowledge

     Stone. With the solid texture, beautiful color, flavor or the Furama expensive decorative style by the people love. In the interior decoration more for land, or partial wall decoration, incorporate the natural style entering rooms, creating a relaxed carefree and leisurely atmosphere.

Stone purchase and maintenance knowledge

1 stone collection buy

           A view, that is, the naked eye observation of the surface structure of the stone. Generally speaking, even the fine structure of the stone material with exquisite texture, for the stone to share; coarse grain and coarse grain structure of the stone its appearance effect is poor. In addition, because of the influence of the geological function of stone often produce some fine cracks, the most easily along these parts of the rupture, should pay attention to eliminate. As for the lack of edges and corners is affecting the appearance, you should pay attention to the choice.

           Two quantity, that is, the amount of stone size specifications, so as not to affect the splicing, or cause the mosaic pattern, pattern, line deformation, affecting the decorative effect.

          Three listen, that is, listening to the sound of stone. Generally speaking, the quality of the stone of its percussion sound crisp and clear; on the contrary, if there is a slight fracture of the stone or due to the weathering of the contact between the particles become loose, then the sound of percussion.

Four try, that is, with a simple test method to test the quality of the stone. Usually in the back of the stone on a small drop of ink droplets, such as the ink quickly spread around the leaching, indicates that the particles inside the stone loose and existing gap, stone quality is bad; on the contrary, if the ink drops in place without moving, good quality stone. (Figure)

2 stone "family" who have?

            A stone building, including granite, marble, slate, terrazzo, artificial stone. These buildings can be divided into stone decorative light and linen without light. Light quality is divided into smooth blade cutting plate, thick and bright surface of laser carving, polishing plate, fine and bright limestone and dolomite plate, light can Kam mirror polishing plate. Linen no light class was divided into linen of natural building stone, mushroom stone, cut axinite, plate singeing, chisel hair plate, chisel, inflexible, sandblasting panels and corrosion in again.

          Two, garden stone including Taihu stone, gravel, stalactites, fossils, rocks, stone carving.

          Third, the craft stone include Shihua and stone stationery, stone lamps, stone table, stone kitchen utensils, tea set, stone stone Yanju, stone furniture, stone sporting equipment, stone jewelry, paintings, stone carving, stone bonsai, feng shui ball.

Four, tombstone stone.

3 selection method of marble and granite.

           There are two main types of marble and granite stone. Radioactive marble are generally lower than those of granite, and most of them used for indoor decoration, and granite is not in the indoor use, especially in the bedroom, the elderly, children's room. According to the test, the color has a certain impact on the radioactive. Red, green radioactive highest, white, black is the lowest. Therefore, we should choose the red, brown, green, or granite with red spots. In addition, China's stone is divided into three categories according to the level of radioactivity in A.B.C. According to regulations, only a class can be used for home decoration.

4 types of common stone

           Understanding the types and characteristics of stone materials is the basis and necessity of proper cleaning and nursing of stone. Different types of stone materials have different chemical and physical properties. The market of stone is usually divided into two major categories of granite and marble.

          Granite is a high hardness and strength of the stone, so it has better wear resistance, gloss is also easy to maintain. Most of the species showed a larger crystal structure, and the color was more uniform. The main components of the silicate, more resistant to acid and alkali, weather resistance. Due to the granite texture is relatively hard, in the nearly 10 times in the coming year due to cutting tools and abrasives technology breakthrough and development, the amount of granite products have greater growth. But because it is the crystal structure, capillary action makes it easy to produce high water absorption and permeability pollution. For example, a drop of ink in the granite formation pollution and drops in marble on the formation of pollution in degree is different, the former is deep and diffusion, and the latter is the front surface of the so generated the cleaning cost is also different.

          Marble is the main component of calcium carbonate, dolomite is also a carbonate (the main component is magnesium carbonate), so it is also classified in which. Most of the stone structure loose, soft texture, so the wear resistance and weather resistance and acid resistance is poor. Compared with the granite, marble carving art ideal gloss will only stay around a few months time, and granite can keep a few years or decades of time. Similarly, a drop of carbonated Cola drops in marble products will burn the stone surface.

5, natural gas permeability

          Because of the existence of the stone, the stone has a natural gas permeability. Maintaining the natural permeability of the stone is essential. Stone crystal has a tiny gap between us. The micro pore size of different stone materials is different, and the permeability of the stone is usually determined by the size of these micro holes. To maintain the smooth flow of these micro holes, the bottom of the stone moisture will be volatile out, the reason why the issue of stone material due to the problem will be less. However, it is the capillary effect of these micro pores, will make the stone has a different water absorption, water and liquid dirt on the stone surface will penetrate into the stone material damage and pollution. Therefore, it is an important subject and content to explore how to make the stone material not only keep good permeability, but also avoid the liquid penetrate into the stone.

6 stone protective agent

          Stone as a high-grade decoration materials have been increasingly used in the construction industry, the use of stone protective agent has also been the consensus of the stone industry and the construction of the parties. Stone protective agent can significantly improve the stone in the presence of various diseases, water stain, rust, white, weathering diseases of the most effective measures of preventing the occurrence of stone, effectively resist the grease, dirt, dust, ink, juice all kinds of pollution. In our country this year promulgated and on July 1, the implementation of the stone protective agent industry recommended standards on the protective agent products were the norm. The standard is mainly for building decoration stone products, but for the same is stone products stone carving products can be used for reference. Currently on the market stone protective agent of many brands, protective effect also differ in thousands of ways, especially now according to different purposes to develop the special function of the products, such as specially used for waterproofing, waterproofing agent, antifouling ability strong antifouling agent etc., for surface waterproof antifouling decorative type, improve the bonding properties of the bottom surface. The overall protective agent in aqueous and solvent of two types, mechanism and breathable film, the effects of each one has its own merits.

          According to the evaluation of the protective agent for stone carving products, it should be mainly through the investigation of water resistance, anti fouling and anti weathering. The anti weathering should be considered from the acid resistance, frost resistance and ultraviolet aging resistance. Waterproof is to investigate the use of stone protective agent in stone carving products after the use of water resistance, which is anti fouling, acid, anti weathering ability of the most basic protection, is a measure of stone protective agent is the most important indicator of good or bad. The second is the anti fouling performance, is to investigate the anti pollution performance of the protective agent or anti fouling agent, to avoid the artificial pollution of stone carving art. And resistance to weathering, carved granite product itself has strong ability of anti weathering, but after the long-term acid rain erosion, the surface of the yellow and the decrease in gloss, good protective agent can enhance anti weathering ability of the stone carving products, so that it can always be kept fresh.

          Selection of protective agent should firstly decrease water absorption rate, from the perspective of stone products, higher rate of decline. From the experimental data in recent years, the highest decline rate is 94% and waterproofing agent of many protective effect of 0%. Therefore determine the protective agent waterproof effect is good or bad or should to a qualified inspection institution to the test and the same protective agent in different stone will have different effect, so the user in the selected protective agent should the test. In practice is often drop of water in the stone to test the performance of protective agent, because the door after the stone general appearance will have obvious waterproof effect, namely in the stone surface drip water will become the drops of water, and rolled without stone surface of the door will generally absorb large amounts of water. But this method can only test stone whether the walls of the protective agent, and can not well determine protective agent and coating process is good or bad, such as door method improper or should be painted with two coats of protective agent of stone only painted again after can appear this kind of phenomenon, but immersed in water time grows to be water, also some waterproof effect not good protective agent also phenomenon of this kind of surface.

       In addition to protecting the performance of the protective agent, the protection method and the maintenance process are also problems that can not be ignored. Protective agent use improper influence protective agent of waterproof effect, generally, for example, in front of the door stone material should be clean, dry, if not up to the requirements will affect the waterproofing effect; requirements brushing of the protective agent if using immersion method, sometimes affect the protective effect. Experimental results show that six completely immersed in the protective agent construction method is not desirable, this method makes stone content containing part of the micropore air can not be discharged, will reduce the infiltration capacity of protective agent, affect the protective agent waterproof effect. Stone products, the best method is surface spraying again, besmear again, for the smooth can the mutually perpendicular directions of two times of brushing method. These methods can achieve satisfactory results, and the construction is simple and the efficiency is high. After the protection of stone if the maintenance is not good will also affect the waterproof effect of the protective agent. General requirements for protective agent after the completion of construction of 1 to 2 days of maintenance, not water during this period, no pollution. But experiments show that some of the protective agent of the curing period is far more than 2 days, some of the 2 days after the beginning of the onset, the best effect is to achieve more than ten days or longer time. If contact with water or pollutants during this period, will still cause pollution, affect the protection effect. In the maintenance period to improve the environmental temperature will generally accelerate the maintenance process, the specific method should be in accordance with the use of protective agents.

          No matter what kind of stone protective agent, the pollution of the stone and the disease can only play a role in alleviating, can not fundamentally eliminate the occurrence of pollution and disease. Stone use of protective agents should be on a regular basis for care, pollution or damage to the local should be cleaned at any time, and then re brushing the protective agent. Under normal circumstances, the stone in 5 years or so should be at least once nursing.

7 general cleaning of stone

          The general cleaning of stone is divided into physical cleaning and chemical cleaning according to the cleaning method.

         (1) physical cleaning: physical cleaning is the use of physical methods to remove the stone surface pollution, dirt and other attachments, it is usually the use of a number of special equipment and tools to carry out the. For example, using blade stripping stone on the surface of clay and paint and other dirt; the use of high-pressure water gun washed stone dust on the surface.

         (2) chemical cleaning, chemical cleaning is refers to the use of some chemical agents or chemical synthetic material, through the process of chemical reaction to remove the stone on the surface of some of the pollution and stains. For example, using acidic cleaning agent to remove the rust of the granite; use some oxidation agent to remove mildew on the stone; the use of some materials containing ionic surface active agent to remove some of the common pollution on the stone.

         The above content according to the actual work of the students in order to meet the problems, for reference, if there is a problem, please communicate in a timely manner.